The System of Nonprosecution is one of the fundamental part of the System of Criminal Procedure Code. Recently, the principle of economical and efficient litigation and the Principle of Opportunity has been emphasized by many countries. This dissertation first studies the evolution of the System of Nonprosecution in our country. Then the author contrast such system with those in the Taiwan, Hong Kong and overseas. Finally, the author analyzes those problems existed in the system of Nonprosecution in our country, analyzes the theoretical value and significance of the System, and suggests some idea and advice to consummate the current System of Nonprosecution. The dissertation also discusses the basis and reason of the enforcement of state compensation in the System of Nonprosecution, combined with the two opposite opinions in the theoretical field and gives the author’s own advices.
引 言
刑事不起诉制度是刑事诉讼制度的一个组成部分。我国目前施行的刑事不起诉制度是1996年修订的刑事诉讼法赋予人民检察院的一项专有的诉讼权力,它是在原1979年刑事诉讼法规定免予起诉、不起诉制度的基础上,根据十几年来我国刑事诉讼的理论与实践修改、完善而来的。重新修订后的刑事诉讼法一个突出的变化就是废除了检察机关的免予起诉权,取而代之以扩大了范围的不起诉制度,这不仅符合我国国情,有利于高效、经济地开展刑事诉讼,也有利于保护刑事诉讼当事人的合法利益,在我国法治化进程上迈出了可喜的一步。然而,由于该制度本身设置上存在一些失误和不合理之处,以及在司法实践中执行的偏差,刑事不起诉制度的内在价值并无法得到充分的实现。因此,我们有必要对刑事不起诉制度作深入的探究,充分认识这一制度的重大意义,同时检讨现行的刑事不起诉制度的缺陷。本文笔者拟从如何正确认识不起诉制度入手,从理论上把握不起诉制度的性质、适用范围、存在问题、理论价值及救济途径等等问题,结合司法实践中遇到的问题,进行深入系统的探讨和思考,进而探讨完善不起诉制度的有效方案,提出自己的观点和看法,以期对立法和司法实践有所帮助,希望能为今后我国刑事不起诉制度进一步完善打开一盏探路的小灯。
第一章 不起诉制度综述
第一节 我国不起诉制度的历史演变